Initial commit: Niri workspaces indicator for Waybar

Features:
- Real-time workspace display via niri IPC
- Color-coded window indicators by app type
- Claude Code detection (✳ icon and title)
- Codex, nvim, Chrome, Firefox, Discord, Spotify colors
- tmux session indicator (broken bar ¦)
- Process tree scanning for terminal app detection
- Workspace names shown when focused
- Empty unfocused workspaces hidden

5 files changed, 683 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea8c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36fc2c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
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+ "anstyle",
+ "anstyle-parse",
+ "anstyle-query",
+ "anstyle-wincon",
+ "colorchoice",
+ "is_terminal_polyfill",
+ "utf8parse",
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+ "clap",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "niri-workspaces"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "niri-ipc",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+]
+
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diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7454eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[package]
+name = "niri-workspaces"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+niri-ipc = { version = "25.11.0", features = ["clap"] }
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+
+[profile.release]
+lto = true
+strip = true
+opt-level = 3
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41124d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# niri-workspaces-rs
+
+A fast, event-driven workspace indicator for [Waybar](https://github.com/Alexays/Waybar) and [niri](https://github.com/YaLTeR/niri).
+
+## Features
+
+- **Visual bars** instead of numbers - each window is a colored bar
+- **Color-coded by app** - Chrome (Google colors), Discord (purple), Firefox (orange), nvim (green), Claude (orange), Codex (cyan)
+- **Terminal app detection** - detects Claude/Codex/nvim running inside terminals via /proc
+- **Focused window indicator** - █ for focused, ▌ for would-be-focused, | for others
+- **Dimmed unfocused workspaces** - colors are dimmed when workspace isn't focused
+- **Daemon mode** - persistent socket connection, no process spawning
+
+## Benchmarks
+
+| Metric | Value |
+|--------|-------|
+| Memory | 2.5 MB RSS |
+| CPU per update | ~1.1ms |
+| 80 rapid switches | ~90ms total CPU |
+
+### Comparison
+
+| Approach | CPU per update |
+|----------|---------------|
+| Bash script | ~340ms |
+| Rust + signal | ~12-14ms |
+| Rust daemon | **~1.1ms** |
+
+The daemon is **~10-12x faster** than the signal-based approach and **~300x faster** than the original bash script.
+
+## Installation
+
+```bash
+cargo build --release
+cp target/release/niri-workspaces ~/.config/waybar/
+```
+
+## Waybar Configuration
+
+```json
+"custom/workspaces": {
+    "exec": "/home/user/.config/waybar/niri-workspaces",
+    "return-type": "json",
+    "format": "{}"
+}
+```
+
+No `interval` or `signal` needed - the daemon outputs JSON whenever workspace/window events occur.
+
+## License
+
+MIT
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dedc0e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+use niri_ipc::socket::Socket;
+use niri_ipc::{Event, Request, Response, Window, Workspace};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fs;
+
+fn main() {
+    loop {
+        if let Err(e) = run_daemon() {
+            eprintln!("Daemon error: {}, reconnecting in 1s...", e);
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn run_daemon() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    // Get initial state and output
+    let (workspaces, windows) = fetch_state()?;
+    output_status(&workspaces, &windows);
+
+    // Subscribe to event stream
+    let mut socket = Socket::connect()?;
+    let reply = socket.send(Request::EventStream)?;
+
+    match reply {
+        Ok(Response::Handled) => {}
+        Ok(other) => return Err(format!("Unexpected response: {:?}", other).into()),
+        Err(msg) => return Err(msg.into()),
+    }
+
+    let mut read_event = socket.read_events();
+
+    loop {
+        let event = read_event()?;
+
+        // Only update on relevant events
+        match event {
+            Event::WorkspacesChanged { .. }
+            | Event::WorkspaceActivated { .. }
+            | Event::WindowsChanged { .. }
+            | Event::WindowOpenedOrChanged { .. }
+            | Event::WindowClosed { .. }
+            | Event::WindowFocusChanged { .. } => {
+                if let Ok((ws, win)) = fetch_state() {
+                    output_status(&ws, &win);
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn fetch_state() -> Result<(Vec<Workspace>, Vec<Window>), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let mut socket = Socket::connect()?;
+
+    let workspaces = match socket.send(Request::Workspaces)? {
+        Ok(Response::Workspaces(ws)) => ws,
+        Ok(other) => return Err(format!("Unexpected: {:?}", other).into()),
+        Err(msg) => return Err(msg.into()),
+    };
+
+    let mut socket = Socket::connect()?;
+    let windows = match socket.send(Request::Windows)? {
+        Ok(Response::Windows(ws)) => ws,
+        Ok(other) => return Err(format!("Unexpected: {:?}", other).into()),
+        Err(msg) => return Err(msg.into()),
+    };
+
+    Ok((workspaces, windows))
+}
+
+fn output_status(workspaces: &[Workspace], windows: &[Window]) {
+    // Pre-compute terminal apps.
+    // Avoid per-pid process detection for foot/footclient when multiple windows
+    // share the same pid, to prevent false positives across windows.
+    let mut pid_counts: HashMap<i32, usize> = HashMap::new();
+    for w in windows {
+        if let Some(pid) = w.pid {
+            *pid_counts.entry(pid).or_insert(0) += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    let terminal_apps: HashMap<i32, &str> = windows
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|w| is_terminal(w.app_id.as_deref().unwrap_or("")))
+        .filter_map(|w| {
+            let pid = w.pid?;
+            let app_id = w.app_id.as_deref().unwrap_or("");
+            if (app_id == "foot" || app_id == "footclient")
+                && pid_counts.get(&pid).copied().unwrap_or(0) > 1
+            {
+                return None;
+            }
+            Some((pid, detect_terminal_app(pid as u32)))
+        })
+        .filter(|(_, app)| !app.is_empty())
+        .collect();
+
+    let mut sorted_workspaces: Vec<&Workspace> = workspaces.iter().collect();
+    sorted_workspaces.sort_by_key(|w| w.idx);
+
+    let mut before_focused: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let mut after_focused: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let mut focused_output = String::new();
+    let mut current_section = "before";
+    let mut chrome_idx = 0;
+    let mut tooltip = String::new();
+
+    for ws in &sorted_workspaces {
+        let mut ws_windows: Vec<&Window> = windows
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|w| w.workspace_id == Some(ws.id))
+            .collect();
+
+        ws_windows.sort_by_key(|win| window_sort_key(*win));
+
+        let win_count = ws_windows.len();
+
+        // Get workspace name if it's not default/empty
+        let ws_name = ws.name.as_deref().unwrap_or("");
+        let has_custom_name = !ws_name.is_empty();
+
+        if has_custom_name {
+            tooltip.push_str(&format!("{}: {} windows\\n", ws_name, win_count));
+        } else {
+            tooltip.push_str(&format!("ws{}: {} windows\\n", ws.idx, win_count));
+        }
+
+        // Skip empty unfocused workspaces entirely
+        if win_count == 0 && !ws.is_focused {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let ws_output = if win_count == 0 {
+            // Empty but focused
+            if has_custom_name {
+                format!("<span color='#888888'>{}</span>", ws_name)
+            } else {
+                "<span color='#888888'>·</span>".to_string()
+            }
+        } else {
+            let mut output = String::new();
+
+            // Show workspace name only when focused
+            if has_custom_name && ws.is_focused {
+                output.push_str(&format!("<span color='#cccccc'>{}</span> ", ws_name));
+            }
+
+            for win in &ws_windows {
+                let app_id = win.app_id.as_deref().unwrap_or("");
+                let title = win.title.as_deref().unwrap_or("");
+                let mut color = get_color(app_id, title, win.pid, &terminal_apps);
+                let is_tmux = is_tmux_title(title);
+
+                if color == "chrome" {
+                    const CHROME_COLORS: [&str; 4] = ["#ea4335", "#fbbc05", "#34a853", "#4285f4"];
+                    color = CHROME_COLORS[chrome_idx % 4].to_string();
+                    chrome_idx += 1;
+                }
+
+                if !ws.is_focused {
+                    color = dim_color(&color);
+                }
+
+                let mut bar = if win.is_focused {
+                    "█"
+                } else if !ws.is_focused && ws.active_window_id == Some(win.id) {
+                    "▌"
+                } else {
+                    "|"
+                };
+
+                // Use a broken bar for tmux without changing focus semantics.
+                if is_tmux && bar == "|" {
+                    bar = "¦";
+                }
+
+                output.push_str(&format!("<span color='{}'>{}</span>", color, bar));
+            }
+            output
+        };
+
+        if ws.is_focused {
+            focused_output = ws_output;
+            current_section = "after";
+        } else if current_section == "before" {
+            before_focused.push(ws_output);
+        } else {
+            after_focused.push(ws_output);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut output = String::new();
+    for ws in &before_focused {
+        output.push_str(ws);
+        output.push_str("  ");
+    }
+    output.push_str(&focused_output);
+    for ws in &after_focused {
+        output.push_str("  ");
+        output.push_str(ws);
+    }
+
+    if tooltip.ends_with("\\n") {
+        tooltip.truncate(tooltip.len() - 2);
+    }
+
+    println!(r#"{{"text": "{}", "tooltip": "{}"}}"#, output, tooltip);
+}
+
+fn is_terminal(app_id: &str) -> bool {
+    app_id == "Alacritty"
+        || app_id == "kitty"
+        || app_id == "com.mitchellh.ghostty"
+        || app_id == "foot"
+        || app_id == "footclient"
+}
+
+fn is_tmux_title(title: &str) -> bool {
+    title.to_lowercase().contains("tmux")
+}
+
+fn is_claude_title(title: &str) -> bool {
+    let lower = title.to_lowercase();
+    lower.contains("claude") || title.contains("✳")
+}
+
+fn detect_terminal_app(pid: u32) -> &'static str {
+    let mut found_claude = false;
+    let mut found_codex = false;
+    let mut found_nvim = false;
+
+    if let Ok(children) = get_all_descendants(pid) {
+        for child_pid in children {
+            if let Ok(cmdline) = fs::read_to_string(format!("/proc/{}/cmdline", child_pid)) {
+                let cmdline = cmdline.to_lowercase();
+                if cmdline.contains("claude") {
+                    found_claude = true;
+                }
+                if cmdline.contains("codex") {
+                    found_codex = true;
+                }
+                if cmdline.contains("nvim") || cmdline.contains("vim") {
+                    found_nvim = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if found_claude {
+        "claude"
+    } else if found_codex {
+        "codex"
+    } else if found_nvim {
+        "nvim"
+    } else {
+        ""
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_all_descendants(pid: u32) -> std::io::Result<Vec<u32>> {
+    let mut descendants = Vec::new();
+    let mut to_check = vec![pid];
+
+    while let Some(current) = to_check.pop() {
+        let children_path = format!("/proc/{}/task/{}/children", current, current);
+        if let Ok(children_str) = fs::read_to_string(&children_path) {
+            for child in children_str.split_whitespace() {
+                if let Ok(child_pid) = child.parse::<u32>() {
+                    descendants.push(child_pid);
+                    to_check.push(child_pid);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(descendants)
+}
+
+fn get_color(app_id: &str, title: &str, pid: Option<i32>, terminal_apps: &HashMap<i32, &str>) -> String {
+    if is_terminal(app_id) {
+        let title_lower = title.to_lowercase();
+
+        if is_claude_title(title) {
+            return "#f5a623".to_string();
+        } else if title_lower.contains("codex") {
+            return "#56b6c2".to_string();
+        } else if title_lower.contains("nvim") || title_lower.contains("vim") {
+            return "#98c379".to_string();
+        }
+
+        if let Some(pid) = pid {
+            if let Some(&app) = terminal_apps.get(&pid) {
+                return match app {
+                    "claude" => "#f5a623",
+                    "codex" => "#56b6c2",
+                    "nvim" => "#98c379",
+                    _ => "#888888",
+                }
+                .to_string();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return "#888888".to_string();
+    }
+
+    if app_id.contains("nvim") {
+        return "#98c379".to_string();
+    }
+    if app_id == "google-chrome" || app_id.contains("chrome") {
+        return "chrome".to_string();
+    }
+    if app_id == "firefox" {
+        return "#ff7139".to_string();
+    }
+    if app_id == "vesktop" || app_id == "discord" {
+        return "#c678dd".to_string();
+    }
+    if app_id == "spotify" || app_id.contains("spotify") {
+        return "#1DB954".to_string();
+    }
+    if app_id.contains("todoist") {
+        return "#e06c75".to_string();
+    }
+    if app_id.contains("mail.google") {
+        return "#e5c07b".to_string();
+    }
+
+    "#666666".to_string()
+}
+
+fn dim_color(hex: &str) -> String {
+    let hex = hex.trim_start_matches('#');
+    if hex.len() != 6 {
+        return format!("#{}", hex);
+    }
+
+    let r = u8::from_str_radix(&hex[0..2], 16).unwrap_or(0);
+    let g = u8::from_str_radix(&hex[2..4], 16).unwrap_or(0);
+    let b = u8::from_str_radix(&hex[4..6], 16).unwrap_or(0);
+
+    let r = ((r as u32 * 6 / 10) + 30).min(255) as u8;
+    let g = ((g as u32 * 6 / 10) + 30).min(255) as u8;
+    let b = ((b as u32 * 6 / 10) + 30).min(255) as u8;
+
+    format!("#{:02x}{:02x}{:02x}", r, g, b)
+}
+
+fn window_sort_key(win: &Window) -> (u8, u64, u64, u64) {
+    if let Some((col, row)) = win.layout.pos_in_scrolling_layout {
+        (0, col as u64, row as u64, win.id)
+    } else {
+        // Floating/unknown layout windows go after tiled windows.
+        (1, 0, 0, win.id)
+    }
+}